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& Recovery Association, Inc. |
30 Day Hold Statutes
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Index Section
28-3511. Removal and immobilization or impoundment of vehicle
28-3512. Release of vehicle; definition
28-3513. Administrative charges
28-3514. Hearings; notice of immobilization or storage
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28-3511. Removal and immobilization or impoundment of
vehicle
A. A peace officer shall cause the removal
and either immobilization or impoundment of a vehicle if the peace officer
determines that a person is driving the vehicle while any of the following
applies:
1. The person's driving privilege is
revoked for any reason.
2. The person's driving privilege is
suspended because of a driving under the influence conviction.
3. The person's driving privilege is
suspended pursuant to the department's action based on a previous conviction
for a violation of section 28-3473.
4. The person's driving privilege is
suspended pursuant to section 28-3306, subsection A, paragraph 3.
5. According to department records the
person has not ever been issued a driver license or permit and the person does
not produce evidence of a driver license issued by another jurisdiction.
B. A peace officer shall cause the removal
and impoundment of a vehicle if the peace officer determines that a person is
driving the vehicle and if all of the following apply:
1. The person's driving privilege is
canceled, suspended or revoked or according to department records the person
has not ever been issued a driver license or permit and the person does not
produce evidence of a driver license issued by another jurisdiction.
2. The person is not in compliance with the
financial responsibility requirements of chapter 9, article 4 of this title.
3. The person is driving a vehicle that is
involved in an accident that results in either property damage or injury to or
death of another person.
C. Except as provided in subsection D of
this section, while a peace officer has control of the vehicle the peace
officer shall cause the removal and either immobilization or impoundment of the
vehicle if the peace officer has probable cause to arrest the driver of the
vehicle for a violation of section 4-244, paragraph 33 or section 28-1382 or
28-1383.
D. A peace officer shall not cause the
removal and either the immobilization or impoundment of a vehicle pursuant to
subsection C of this section if either:
1. All of the following apply:
(a) The peace officer determines that the
vehicle is currently registered and that the driver or the vehicle is in
compliance with the financial responsibility requirements of chapter 9, article
4 of this title.
(b) The spouse of the driver is with the
driver at the time of the arrest.
(c) The peace officer has reasonable
grounds to believe that the spouse of the driver:
(i) Has a valid driver
license.
(ii) Is not impaired by
intoxicating liquor, any drug, a vapor releasing substance containing a toxic
substance or any combination of liquor, drugs or vapor releasing substances.
(iii) Does not have any
spirituous liquor in the spouse's body if the spouse is under twenty-one years
of age.
(d) The spouse notifies the peace officer
that the spouse will drive the vehicle from the place of arrest to the driver's
home or other place of safety.
(e) The spouse drives the vehicle as
prescribed by subdivision (d) of this paragraph.
2. The vehicle is owned by the driver's parent
or guardian and the peace officer has probable cause to arrest the driver of
the vehicle for a violation of section 4-244, paragraph 33 but not for a
violation of section 28-1382 or 28-1383.
E. Except as otherwise provided in this
article, a vehicle that is removed and either immobilized or impounded pursuant
to subsection A or B or C of this section shall be immobilized or impounded for
thirty days. An insurance company does not have a duty to pay any benefits for
charges or fees for immobilization or impoundment.
F. The owner of a vehicle that is removed and either immobilized or
impounded pursuant to subsection A or B or C of this section, the spouse of the
owner and each person identified on the department's record with an interest in
the vehicle shall be provided with an opportunity for an immobilization or
poststorage hearing pursuant to section 28-3514.
28-3512. Release of vehicle; definition
A. An immobilizing or impounding agency
shall release a vehicle to the owner before the end of the thirty day
immobilization or impoundment period under any of the following circumstances:
1. If the vehicle is a stolen vehicle.
2. If the vehicle is subject to bailment
and is driven by an employee of a business establishment, including a parking
service or repair garage, who is subject to section 28-3511, subsection A or B
or C.
3. If the owner presents proof
satisfactory to the immobilizing or impounding agency that the owner's driving
privilege has been reinstated.
4. All of the following apply:
(a) The owner or the owner's agent was not
the person driving the vehicle pursuant to section 28-3511, subsection A.
(b) The owner or the owner's agent is in
the business of renting motor vehicles without drivers.
(c) The vehicle is registered pursuant to
section 28-2166.
5. For the spouse of the owner or any
person who is identified as an owner of the vehicle on the records of the
department, if the spouse or person was not the driver of the vehicle at the
time of removal and either immobilization or impoundment and the spouse or
person enters into an agreement with the immobilizing or impounding agency that
stipulates that if the spouse or person allows an unlicensed driver or a driver
arrested in violation of section 4-244, paragraph 33 or section 28-1382 or
28-1383 to drive the spouse's or person's vehicle within one year after the
agreement is signed, the spouse or person will not be eligible to obtain
release of the spouse's or person's vehicle before the end of the thirty day
immobilization or impoundment period.
B. A vehicle shall not be released
pursuant to subsection A of this section except on order of a justice court,
immobilizing agency or impounding agency pursuant to an immobilization or a
poststorage hearing under section 28-3514 or on presentation of the owner's or
owner's spouse's currently valid driver license to operate the vehicle and
proof of current vehicle registration and, if the driving privilege of the
person driving the vehicle was suspended due to a previous conviction for
driving under the influence pursuant to section 28-1381, subsection K,
paragraph 4, section 28-1382 or section 28-1383 and a certified ignition
interlock device was required to be installed on the vehicle, on presentation
of proof of installation of a functioning certified ignition interlock device
in the vehicle. The impounding agency, storage yard, facility, person or agency
having physical possession of the vehicle shall allow access to the impounded
vehicle for the purpose of installing a certified ignition interlock device.
The impounding agency, storage yard, facility, person or agency having physical
possession of the vehicle shall not charge a fee for providing access to the
vehicle or for the installation of the certified ignition interlock device.
C. The owner is responsible for paying all
immobilization, towing and storage charges related to the immobilization or
impoundment of the vehicle and any administrative charges established pursuant
to section 28-3513, unless the vehicle is stolen and the theft was reported to
the appropriate law enforcement agency. If the vehicle is stolen and the theft
was reported to the appropriate law enforcement agency, the operator of the
vehicle at the time of immobilization or impoundment is responsible for all immobilization,
towing, storage and administrative charges.
D. The immobilizing or impounding agency
shall release a vehicle to a person, other than the owner, identified on the
department's record as having an interest in the vehicle before the end of the
thirty day immobilization or impoundment period if all of the following
conditions are met:
1. The person is a motor vehicle dealer,
bank, credit union or acceptance corporation or any other licensed financial
institution legally operating in this state or is another person who is not the
owner and who holds a security interest in the vehicle.
2. The person pays all immobilization,
towing and storage fees related to the immobilization or impoundment of the
vehicle unless the vehicle is stolen and the theft was reported to the
appropriate law enforcement agency. If the vehicle is stolen and the theft was
reported to the appropriate law enforcement agency, the operator of the vehicle
at the time of immobilization or impoundment is responsible for all immobilization,
towing, storage and administrative charges.
3. The person presents foreclosure
documents or an affidavit of repossession of the vehicle.
E. Before a person described in subsection
D of this section releases the vehicle, the person may require the owner to pay
charges that the person incurred in connection with obtaining custody of the
vehicle, including all immobilization, towing and storage charges that are
related to the immobilization or impoundment of the vehicle and any
administrative charges that are established pursuant to section 28-3513.
F. A vehicle shall not be released after
the end of the thirty day immobilization or impoundment period except on
presentation of the owner's or owner's agent's currently valid driver license
to operate the vehicle and proof of current vehicle registration and, if the
driving privilege of the person driving the vehicle was suspended due to a
previous conviction for driving under the influence pursuant to section
28-1381, subsection K, paragraph 4, section 28-1382 or section 28-1383 and a
certified ignition interlock device was required to be installed on the
vehicle, on presentation of proof of installation of a functioning certified
ignition interlock device in the vehicle. The impounding agency, storage yard,
facility, person or agency having physical possession of the vehicle shall
allow access to the impounded vehicle for the purpose of installing a certified
ignition interlock device. The impounding agency, storage yard, facility,
person or agency having physical possession of the vehicle shall not charge a
fee for providing access to the vehicle or for the installation of the
certified ignition interlock device.
G. The storage charges relating to the
impoundment of a vehicle pursuant to this section shall either:
1. Be subject to a contractual agreement
between the impounding agency and a towing firm for storage services pursuant
to section 28-1108.
2. Not exceed fifteen dollars for each day
of storage.
H. The immobilizing or impounding agency
shall have no lien or possessory interest in a stolen vehicle if the theft was
reported to the appropriate law enforcement agency. The immobilizing or
impounding agency shall release the vehicle to the owner or person other than
the owner as identified in subsection D of this section even if the operator at
the time of immobilization or impoundment has not paid all immobilization,
towing, storage and administrative fees.
I. For the purposes of this section,
"certified ignition interlock device" has the same meaning prescribed
in section 28-1301.
28-3513. Administrative charges
A. The immobilizing or impounding agency
shall establish procedures for immobilization hearings or poststorage hearings,
for the release of properly immobilized or impounded vehicles and for
imposition of a charge equal to the administrative costs relating to the
removal, immobilization, impoundment, storage or release of a vehicle. The
immobilizing or impounding agency may waive the administrative charges.
B. The administrative charges established
pursuant to this section shall not exceed one hundred fifty dollars.
C. The immobilizing or impounding agency
shall collect any administrative charges at the time of the release of the
vehicle unless the vehicle is stolen and the theft was reported to the
appropriate law enforcement agency. If the vehicle is stolen and the theft was
reported to the appropriate law enforcement agency, the operator of the vehicle
at the time of immobilization or impoundment is responsible for all towing,
immobilization, storage and administrative charges.
D. The administrative charges established
pursuant to this section are in addition to any other immobilization,
impoundment or storage charges.
E. A justice court providing an immobilization
or poststorage hearing may collect a fee equal to the fee established pursuant
to section 22-281 for a small claims answer.
28-3514. Hearings; notice of immobilization or storage
A. If a peace officer removes and either
immobilizes or impounds a vehicle pursuant to section 28-3511, the immobilizing
or impounding agency may provide the owner, the spouse of the owner and any
other person identified on the department's record as having an interest in the
vehicle with the opportunity for an immobilization or poststorage hearing to
determine the validity of the immobilization or storage or consider any
mitigating circumstances relating to the immobilization or storage or release
of the vehicle before the end of the thirty day immobilization or impoundment
period. If the immobilizing or impounding agency provides the opportunity for
an immobilization or poststorage hearing, the immobilizing or impounding agency
shall conduct the hearing in accordance with any of the following:
1. In the immobilizing or impounding
agency's jurisdiction.
2. Telephonically.
3. Pursuant to procedures prescribed by
the immobilizing or impounding agency to transfer the authority to conduct the
immobilization or poststorage hearing to a law enforcement agency in the jurisdiction
in which the owner, the spouse of the owner, the owner's agent or any person
identified in the department's record as having an interest in the vehicle
resides.
B. If the immobilizing or impounding
agency does not provide an opportunity for an immobilization or poststorage
hearing, a justice court shall conduct the immobilization or poststorage
hearing. If an immobilization or poststorage hearing is conducted by a justice
court, the immobilizing or impounding agency shall appear and show evidence. Immobilization
or poststorage hearings conducted by a justice court shall be considered as
civil filings for the purposes of judicial productivity credits.
C. Within two working days after
immobilization or impoundment, the immobilizing or impounding agency shall send
a notice of storage by first class mail to each person, other than the owner,
identified on the department's record as having an interest in the vehicle.
Service of notice of immobilization or storage is complete on mailing. If the
immobilizing or impounding agency fails to notify a person, other than the
owner, identified on the department's record as having an interest in the
vehicle within two working days after immobilization or impoundment, the
immobilizing agency or the person in possession of the vehicle shall not charge
more than fifteen days' immobilization or impoundment when the person redeems
the impounded vehicle or has the immobilization device removed from the
vehicle.
D. Within two working days after
immobilization or impoundment, the immobilizing or impounding agency shall mail
or personally deliver notice of immobilization or storage to the owner of the
vehicle.
E. The notice of immobilization or storage
shall include all of the following information:
1. A statement that the vehicle was
immobilized or impounded.
2. The name, address and telephone number
of the immobilizing or impounding agency providing the notice.
3. The name, address and telephone number of
the immobilizing or impounding agency or justice court that will provide the
immobilization or poststorage hearing.
4. The location of the place of storage
and a description of the vehicle, including, if available, the manufacturer,
model, license plate number and mileage of the vehicle.
5. A statement that in order to receive an
immobilization or poststorage hearing the owner, the spouse of the owner, the
owner's agent or the person identified in the department's record as having an
interest in the vehicle, within ten days after the date on the notice, shall
request an immobilization or poststorage hearing by contacting the immobilizing
or impounding agency in person or in writing or by filing a request with the
justice court and paying a fee equal to the fee established pursuant to section
22-281 for a small claims answer.
6. A statement that if the immobilizing or
impounding agency does not provide the opportunity for an immobilization or
poststorage hearing, the owner, the spouse of the owner, the owner's agent or
any person identified in the department's record as having an interest in the
vehicle may request that the immobilization or poststorage hearing be conducted
by a justice court in the immobilizing or impounding agency's jurisdiction or the
jurisdiction in which the owner, the spouse of the owner, the owner's agent or
the person identified in the department's record as having an interest in the
vehicle resides.
F. The immobilization or poststorage
hearing shall be conducted by the immobilizing or impounding agency or justice
court within five working days after receipt of the request.
G. Failure of the owner, the spouse of the
owner or other person or the other person's agent to request or to attend a
scheduled hearing satisfies the immobilization or poststorage hearing
requirement.
H. The immobilizing or impounding agency
employing the person who directed the immobilization or storage is responsible
for the costs incurred for immobilization, towing and storage if it is
determined in the immobilization or poststorage hearing that reasonable grounds
for the immobilization or impoundment and storage are not established.
If a claim has not been made for the
return or possession of the vehicle by a person legally entitled to the vehicle
within thirty days after a vehicle is impounded pursuant to this article, the
person who has possession of the vehicle shall submit an abandoned vehicle
report as provided in section 28-4838.